ABSTRACT
Introduction:Renal oncocytomas are benign tumours arising from the intercalated cells of the collecting ducts and account for 3% to 7% of primary renal tumours. It was first described by Zippel in 1942. Oncocytomas are mostly asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally. They are often diagnosed postoperatively due to clinical and radiographic challenges in differentiating them from renal cell carcinoma. Presentation of Case:The present study reports two cases of renal oncocytoma in a 61-year-old man who was asymptomatic and a 73-year-old woman who was symptomatic. Relevant clinical and imaging data on the two patients were reviewed. Both patients underwent nephrectomy via flank incisions. Discussion:The typical morphologic features of oncocytoma were observed on histological examination of the excised kidney specimens. The postoperative course of each patient was uneventful and they were discharged 14 and 6-days post-surgery, respectively. In addition, the present study reviews the literature regarding the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of renal oncocytoma.Conclusion:Renal oncocytoma though is benign and has an excellent prognosis, the preoperative diagnostic challenges invariable warranted radical nephrectomy.
ABSTRACT
Aims:Ventriculoperitoneal(VP) shunt placement is one of the commonest procedures under taken by neurosurgeons to manage
ABSTRACT
The incidence and pattern of thyroid disease vary from place to place and among the races. The alterations in thyroid function test findings may reflect changes in production of thyroid hormone by effects on the gland itself, on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, peripheral tissue metabolism of the hormone or a combination of these effects. Biochemical evaluation of the thyroid gland was done using both the 'gold standard1 and other function tests. Thus we determined the serum levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone [TSH], Free T4 [FT4] and T3 [FT3] in 124 patients with thyroid disease, with the aim to determine the biochemical pattern of endocrinopathy. The hormonal pattern in 55 [44.4%] of the patients was characteristic of euthyroid, while 69 [56.4%] of the patients had various hyper or hypo-hormonal pattern based on TSH evaluation. The hyper function hormonal abnormality was characteristic of Grave's disease in 27.5%, while 36.3% had pattern consistent with nodular goitre. The hypo-function consistent with primary hypothyroidism pattern was noted in 15.9% while the secondary hypothyroidism was observed in only 5.8%. There is the overlapping and adapting complex changes seen in 14.5% which is the hormonal pattern consistent with the intermediate region of thyroid function spectrum. These results underline the continued importance of biochemical evaluation of functional status of thyroid gland in thyroid disease, especially when evaluating patients from the middle belt endemic goitre zone in Nigeria. This is because the aetiologies in half of the thyroid disease were purely endocrine